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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. But how exactly does it work?

Espresso is produced by pushing hot water at high pressure through finely-ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee and espresso maker, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

As the name suggests, the group head is the place you place your portafilter when brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing water into the portafilter and then controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are many different kinds of group heads each with its particular advantages and disadvantages. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. Some include a combination such as the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas since it provides multiple advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above The group head features several notches to place your portafilter and then twist it with your hands to lock it in. A gasket made of rubber is placed inside the notches to help create a seal while you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit an exact positioning of the portafilter which is essential for an even extraction.

The group head is not just able to allow you to put in your portafilter easily, but it also maintains a constant temperature. This is done by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew-basket, ensuring that the temperature is constant to extract the coffee. It is crucial to keep in mind that even a slight deviation can make the difference between a good and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to manual piston machines which use a lever to pressurize water, rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to supply the nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed to extract espresso. The pressure is created by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven machines, and tend to last longer. However, both types of machines may be damaged by excessive use and inadequate cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, and can add to prices of even simpler models.

Some espresso Machines Espresso machines remove the pump entirely and utilize steam pressure to make espresso. The drawback is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to the point of boiling and can result in over-extraction. The machines must also continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines use the rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model utilizes the vibrating disk to create pressure, whereas the rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a rapid speed. Both types of machine can make excellent espresso, but the rotary pumps are quieter, and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that is used to heat the water to the right temperature for extraction. The steam produced reaches the portafilter, which is the container that holds the espresso coffee grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. The steam creates pressure that pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This creates a crema on the top of the espresso. This is the hallmark of a good espresso.

There are three distinct types of espresso machines, each having different pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are many ways to control the brew and the size of cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The first mini espresso machine machines were steam types. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was developed by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most common cheap espresso machine machine is a semiautomatic model with an electric pump. This is what people envision when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself however the pump controls the water flow and pressure. This is a great solution that combines human control with mechanised accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically use a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also an essential part of the machine's temperature control, as it prevents overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This helps the beans release their flavor and gives the chance for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can produce a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process are still very important.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes espresso taste great. The grouphead, also referred to as the brewhead, is where the portafilter (the thingy you put the ground coffee into) is placed when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso coffee makers machines use hot water heated in an airtight container to create steam. The steam then moves hot water through the grounds of coffee at high pressure. These kinds of machines are usually less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They make use of an air compressor to push hot water through the ground, and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.