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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly is it that makes it work?

To make an espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, however the main difference lies in the pressure.

The Group Head

The name implies, the group head is where you place your portafilter when brewing espresso. It disperses water in the portafilter, and regulates the pressure of extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Some are specifically designed for stability of temperature while others are built to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. There are even some that come with a range of features, like the E61, which is the most popular choice among baristas because of its ability to offer multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head is fitted with several notches. You can place your portafilter into these notches and twist the head to secure it. There is also a gasket made of rubber which is located inside the notches and helps to create an airtight seal after inserting your portafilter into the machine. The notches permit the precise placement of the portafilter. This is crucial for a consistent extraction.

The group head is not just able to allow the portafilter to be inserted easily however, it also keeps the temperature at a constant level. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter, making sure that it is always at the correct temperature for extraction. It is important to note that even a slight differences can make the distinction between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to manual piston machines that use a lever to pressurize water, Rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required for espresso extraction. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines may degrade because of excessive use and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, and can add to the cost of even simplest models.

Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. This could lead to over-extraction since the boiler that produces steam also warms the water to boil. These machines also have to continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines espresso machines employ an rotary or vibrating pump, which is a vibration model that uses a vibrating disc that generates the pressure, and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both machines can make great espresso, however rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to break.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that makes the water warm to the right temperature to extract. The resulting steam reaches the portafilter, which contains ground espresso beans and gets funnelled down into the cup. The steam generates enough pressure to push the coffee grounds through. This results in a crema on the top of the espresso. This is one of the hallmarks of a great retro espresso maker (Check This Out).

There are three kinds of espresso makers, which differ in the type of pump they employ and the degree of heat that the brew is. There are many ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The earliest espresso machines were steam types. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. This is why Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni invented the modern espresso machine.

The most popular espresso maker is a semi-automatic device that has an electric pump. These are the images people have when they think of an espresso maker. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans by yourself, but the pump regulates the water flow and pressure. This is a perfect solution that combines human control with mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines employ a filter to separate out the coffee grounds as they pass through the hot water. The filter is also a vital part of the temperature control system because it stops the machine from overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This allows beans to release their nuances and gives an opportunity for a better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a top filter can result in a poor cup of coffee as the quality of the beans and extraction is vital.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, which is the thingy that you put the coffee grounds into, when making espresso.

Steam-driven mini espresso maker machines use hot water that is heated in an airtight container to produce steam. The steam then moves hot water through the grounds of the coffee under pressure. These machines are cheaper and are easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are not as efficient in their ability to provide the perfect brewing conditions because they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. While the perfect shot requires 9-10 bar.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air compressor to push hot water into the grounds and are more portable than electric espresso maker steam-driven machines.